In criminal law, the terms “charge” and “conviction” refer to different stages in the legal process — and they carry very different legal implications.
What Is a Criminal Charge?
A charge is a formal accusation made by law enforcement or a prosecutor that someone has committed a crime. It does not mean the person is guilty.
- Filed by: Police officers or prosecutors
- Standard of proof: Probable cause
- Purpose: To initiate a criminal case
- Example: Being charged with DUI or theft after an arrest
A charge begins the legal process, but the accused still has the presumption of innocence until proven guilty in court.
What Is a Criminal Conviction?
A conviction is the outcome of a criminal case where the person is found guilty—either by pleading guilty, being found guilty at trial, or through a plea agreement.
- Result of: Guilty plea or guilty verdict
- Standard of proof: Beyond a reasonable doubt (at trial)
- Consequences: May include jail time, fines, probation, or a criminal record
- Example: A person charged with assault who is later convicted after a jury trial
Key Differences at a Glance
| Aspect | Charge | Conviction |
|---|---|---|
| Legal Status | Accusation | Legal finding of guilt |
| Timing | Early stage of the case | End result of the case |
| Proof Required | Probable cause | Beyond a reasonable doubt |
| Effect on Record | May show on record as a pending case | Becomes part of permanent criminal record |
| Rights Implicated | Right to trial, counsel, etc. | May lose rights (e.g., voting, firearms) |
Why It Matters
Being charged means you’re under suspicion and must defend yourself in court. A conviction, however, brings long-term consequences—especially for employment, housing, gun ownership, and future sentencing if you’re ever charged again.
If you’re facing either, it’s crucial to work with an experienced Southern Maryland criminal lawyer to protect your rights at every stage — especially in Prince George’s, Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary’s Counties.
Need help with a charge or conviction?
Contact Southern Maryland Criminal Defense today for a free consultation.
